Top 10 Python Interview Questions and Answers For Freshers & Experienced

The initial release of Python, which Guido van Rossum developed, occurred on February 20, 1991. It is among the most extensively used programming languages and permits the incorporation of dynamic semantics with relative ease. It is a free and open-source programming language with a straightforward syntax. Python is simple for developers to learn and comprehend for the aforementioned reasons. Python is predominantly employed for general-purpose programming and additionally supports object-oriented programming.

As a result of its straightforwardness and ability to accomplish a multitude of functionalities with a reduced number of lines of code, Python is gaining exponentially in popularity. It is also utilized in various other fields, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, web crawling, and web development, on account of its robust libraries that enable it to perform intensive computations. Python developers are consequently in high demand in India and internationally. Organizations offer these developers substantial compensation and incentives.

In this blog post, we will try to cover the most frequently asked Python interview questions that have been identified for the year 2023.

What is Python?

Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language. Its design philosophy places a premium on the legibility of code through the implementation of substantial indentation. Python collects detritus and employs dynamic typing. Multiple programming paradigms, including functional, structured, and object-oriented programming, are supported.

What to Learn in Python?

Python learning can be an exciting voyage, with the direction you choose largely determined by your interests and objectives. The following methodical approach will assist you in beginning and progressing in Python programming:

Beginner Level

• Basic Syntax and Concepts:
  • Data Types (Strings, Integers, Booleans, etc.),
  • Variables and Basic Operators,
  • Basic Input/Output (print, input functions),
• Control Structures:
  • Conditional Statements (if, else, elif),
  • Loops (for, while),
• Data Structures:
  • Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries,
  • Understanding Mutable and Immutable Types,
• Functions:
  • Defining and Calling Functions,
  • Scope and Lifetime of Variables,
  • Basic Recursion,
• Basic File Handling:
  • Reading from and Writing to Files,
• Error and Exception Handling:
  • Try, Except, Finally Blocks,

Intermediate Level

• Advanced Data Structures:
  • Understanding Stack, Queue, Tree, and Graph Implementations,
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):
  • Classes and Objects,
  • Inheritance, Encapsulation, and Polymorphism,
• Modules and Packages:
  • Importing Modules,
  • Creating Your Own Modules and Packages,
• Working with External Libraries:
  • NumPy, Pandas for Data Manipulation,
  • Matplotlib, Seaborn for Data Visualization,
• Intermediate File Handling:
  • Working with Different File Formats (CSV, JSON, XML),
• Basic Web Scraping:
  • Using Requests and BeautifulSoup,

Advanced Level

• Advanced OOP Concepts:
  • Abstract Classes, Class Methods, Static Methods,
• Regular Expressions:
  • Complex String Matching and Parsing,
• Database Interaction:
  • SQL Connectivity,
  • ORM Tools like SQLAlchemy,
• Web Development:
  • Frameworks like Flask or Django,
• Data Science and Machine Learning Basics:
  • Libraries like sci-kit-learn, TensorFlow, or PyTorch,
• Concurrency and Parallelism:
  • Threads, Processes, Asyncio,
• Scripting for Automation:
  • Automating Repetitive Tasks,
• Testing and Debugging:
  • Unit Testing, Integration Testing,
  • Debugging Techniques,

What Python Skills Are in Demand?

While the need for Python expertise differs among industries and job functions, there are specific competencies that remain in high demand in the labor market. The following is a list of Python competencies that are presently in great demand:

• Data Analysis and Data Science,
• Machine Learning and AI,
• Web Development,
• Automation and Scripting,
• DevOps and Cloud Integration,
• Cybersecurity,
• Network Programming,
• Software Testing,
• GUI Development,
• Game Development, and many more.

Things You Need to Master in Python

Python mastery requires proficiency in a number of crucial areas. Acquiring such proficiency necessitates not only comprehension of the syntax and characteristics of the language but also the cultivation of the capacity to efficiently resolve practical challenges. The subsequent enumeration comprises an exhaustive inventory of concepts that one ought to strive to grasp in Python:

• Core Language Fundamentals:
  • Syntax and Semantics,
  • Data Types,
  • Control Flow,
• Advanced Data Structures:
  • Understanding Collections,
  • Custom Data Structures,
• Functions and OOP:
  • Functions,
  • Object-Oriented Programming,
• Error Handling and Debugging:
  • Exception Handling,
  • Debugging Techniques,
• File Handling:
  • File Operations,
  • Context Managers,
• Libraries and Frameworks:
  • Standard Library,
  • Third-Party Libraries,
  • Web Frameworks,
• Data Manipulation and Analysis:
  • Data Processing,
  • Data Visualization,
• Machine Learning and AI:
  • Basic ML Concepts,
  • Frameworks, and many more.

Complete Guide to Become a Python Developer

Gaining proficiency in Python development necessitates mastery of both the theoretical foundations of Python programming and the practical competencies required to implement this understanding in practical situations. Here is an exhaustive guide to assist you along this path:

• Learn the Basics of Python:
  • Understand Python Syntax and Semantics,
  • Functions and Modules,
  • Data Structures,
  • Object-Oriented Programming (OOP),
• Advanced Python Concepts:
  • Exception Handling,
  • Advanced Data Structures,
  • Decorators and Generators,
  • Regular Expressions,
• Work on Projects:
  • Build Projects,
  • Use Version Control,
• Learn Python Libraries and Frameworks:
  • Web Development,
  • Data Science,
  • Machine Learning/AI,
• Understand Database Management:
  • SQL and NoSQL Databases,
  • ORMs,
• Gain Knowledge in Testing
  • Write Tests,
  • Test-Driven Development (TDD),
• Develop Soft Skills:
  • Problem-Solving Skills,
  • Communication,
  • Collaboration,
• Understand Deployment and DevOps Tools:
  • Containers,
  • Cloud Services,
  • CI/CD Pipelines, etc.

Top 10 Python Interview Questions and Answers

Here are some of the most asked Python interview questions:

1: What is Python?

Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language. Its design philosophy places a premium on the legibility of code through the implementation of substantial indentation. Python collects detritus and employs dynamic typing. Multiple programming paradigms, including functional, structured, and object-oriented programming, are supported.

2: How to Install Python?

Python installation is a simple procedure; however, the precise sequence of actions may differ marginally contingent on the operating system in use. A general installation guide for Python on Windows, macOS, and Linux is as follows:

Windows

• Download Python,
• Run the Installer,
• Verify Installation.

macOS

• Download Python,
• Run the Installer,
• Verify Installation.

Linux

• Verify Existing Installation,
• Install Python (if not installed),
• Optional: Install pip.

Post-Installation Steps

• Setting Up pip,
• Verify pip Installation,
• Upgrade pip.

3: What are the key features of Python?

Key Features of Python Programming:

• Portable Language. It is a cross-platform language.
• Standard Library.
• High-Level Language.
• Easy to learn and use.
• Dynamic Language.
• Extensible Language.
• Interpreted Language.
• Object-Oriented Programming Language, and many more.

4: What are the applications of Python?

Some applications of Python are mentioned below:

• Python Programming App,
• Dropbox,
• freeCodeCamp,
• Reddit,
• Analytics Vidhya,
• Lyft, etc.

5: What is a dynamically typed language?

Those programming languages (such as JavaScript) in which the interpreter determines the type of variables at runtime according to their current value are considered dynamically typed.

6: What is the difference between list and tuples in Python?

One fundamental distinction between tuples and lists is in their mutability. Tuples are immutable entities, meaning that their values cannot be modified after they are assigned, but lists are mutable, allowing for modifications to their elements. This implies that tuples possess immutability, but lists exhibit mutability. Tuples exhibit greater memory efficiency compared to lists.

7: What are Pickling and Unpickling?

One fundamental distinction between tuples and lists is in their mutability. Tuples are immutable entities, meaning that their values cannot be modified after they are assigned, but lists are mutable, allowing for modifications to their elements. This implies that tuples possess immutability, but lists exhibit mutability. Tuples exhibit greater memory efficiency compared to lists.

8: What Is the Difference Between Del and Remove() on Lists?

The pop() function is utilized to eliminate either the final element or an element specified by its index. The remove() function is designed to eliminate the initial instance of the provided element. The del keyword is used to remove elements from a list by specifying the index. Additionally, it can be used to delete the entire list or to remove a slice of the list. The absence of a parameter is not mandatory; rather, it is discretionary.

9: What do you mean by Python literals?

Python literals encompass several data types and have the capacity to store values of diverse types, including but not limited to strings, numbers, and other data structures. Python literals are utilized to store fundamental data in the source code of a program. Therefore, they must possess the necessary resilience to handle diverse data types effectively.

10: What is PEP 8?

PEP 8, also known as PEP8 or PEP-8, is a comprehensive document that offers a set of principles and recommended practices for the composition of Python code. The document was authored in the year 2001 by Guido van Rossum, Barry Warsaw, and Nick Coghlan. The basic objective of PEP 8 is to enhance the legibility and uniformity of Python code.

Python Interview Questions For Freshers

This article aims to examine a selection of often requested Python interview questions, accompanied by their respective solutions, in order to assist individuals in their preparation for forthcoming employment interviews.

1: What is the Difference Between a Shallow Copy and Deep Copy?

The deepcopy function generates a distinct object and fills it with the child objects that belong to the original object. Consequently, any modifications made to the original item do not manifest in the duplicate.

The function copy.deepcopy() is used to generate a deep copy.

The process of shallow copying involves the creation of a distinct object that is then populated with references to the child objects contained within the original object. Consequently, all modifications made to the original object are mirrored in the duplicate.

The copy.copy function generates a shallow copy.

2: How Is Multithreading Achieved in Python?

The concept of multithreading often denotes the simultaneous execution of several threads. The Python Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) restricts concurrent access to the Python interpreter, preventing several threads from acquiring control of the interpreter simultaneously. Multithreading in Python is accomplished by means of context switching. Multiprocessing, in contrast to its counterpart, involves the simultaneous execution of several processes across multiple threads.

3: Discuss Django Architecture.

This platform also offers a complete tutorial on Python Django, which is presented in a really accessible manner.

Django is a widely utilized web framework employed for the construction of web pages. The architecture of the system is depicted in the following diagram:

• Template: The anterior aspect of the webpage.
• Model: The back end refers to the component of a system where data is stored.
• View: The system engages in interaction with the model and template, subsequently mapping it to the corresponding URL.
• Django: The webpage is delivered to the user.

4: What Advantage Does the Numpy Array Have over a Nested List?

The Numpy library is implemented in the C programming language, which allows for the encapsulation of its intricate functionalities within a user-friendly module. In contrast, lists exhibit dynamic typing. Consequently, Python is required to verify the data type of each element whenever it is utilized. Numpy arrays have significantly improved computational efficiency compared to lists.

Numpy provides a wide range of supplementary features that are not available in lists. Notably, Numpy offers extensive automation capabilities.

5: How is Memory managed in Python?

Python utilizes a private memory region to store all objects. The memory manager in Python governs multiple facets of the heap, including but not limited to sharing, caching, segmentation, and allocation. The user does not possess any authority over the heap; exclusive access to the heap is solely granted to the Python interpreter.

6: Are Arguments in Python Passed by Value or by Reference?

In Python, arguments are provided via reference. This implies that any modifications done within a function are manifested in the original object.

Please consider the two sets of code presented below:

In the initial instance, a value was solely assigned to a single element within the variable ‘l’, resulting in an output of [3, 2, 3, 4].

In the second instance, a distinct object has been generated for the variable ‘l’. However, the values [3, 2, 3, 4] are not included in the output as they fall beyond the scope of the function’s declaration.

7: How Would You Generate Random Numbers in Python?

In order to create random numbers in Python, it is necessary to import the random module.

The random() method is responsible for generating a pseudo-random floating-point value within the range of 0 and 1.

The function `random.random()` is a method in the Python programming language that generates a random floating-point number between 0 and

The randrange() method is utilized to generate a random number that falls inside a specified range.

The syntax for the `randrange` function in Python is `randrange(beginning, end, step)`.

e.g. – > random.randrange(1,10,2)

8: What Does the // Operator Do?

In Python, the / operator performs division and returns the quotient in the float.

For example: 5 / 2 returns 2.5

The // operator, on the other hand, returns the quotient in an integer.

For example: 5 // 2 returns 2

9: What Does the ‘is’ Operator Do?

The ‘is’ operator compares the id of the two objects.

list1=[1,2,3]

list2=[1,2,3]

list3=list1

list1 == list2 🡪 True

list1 is list2 🡪 False

list1 is list3 🡪 True

10: What Is the Purpose of the Pass Statement?

The pass statement is employed in situations where there exists a syntactic necessity, but not an operational one. As an illustration, the following software is designed to output a string while disregarding any spaces present inside it.

var=”Si mplilea rn”

for i in var:

if i==” “:

pass

else:

print(i,end=””)

Here, the pass statement refers to ‘no action required.’

Python Interview Questions For Experienced

Now, let us delve into a comprehensive exploration of advanced Python ideas within the context of this course on Python Interview Questions.

1: How Do You Get Indices of N Maximum Values in a Numpy Array?

>>import numpy as np

>>arr=np.array([1, 3, 2, 4, 5])

>>print(arr.argsort( ) [ -N: ][: : -1])

2: How Would You Obtain the Res_set from the Train_set and the Test_set from Below?

>>train_set=np.array([1, 2, 3])

>>test_set=np.array([[0, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3])

Res_set 🡪 [[1, 2, 3], [0, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3]]

Choose the correct option:

res_set = train_set.append(test_set)

res_set = np.concatenate([train_set, test_set]))

resulting_set = np.vstack([train_set, test_set])

None of these

Here, options a and b would both do horizontal stacking, but we want vertical stacking. So, option c is the right statement.

resulting_set = np.vstack([train_set, test_set])

3: How Would You Import a Decision Tree Classifier in Sklearn? Choose the Correct Option.

1. from sklearn.decision_tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
2. from sklearn.ensemble import DecisionTreeClassifier
3. from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
4. None of these

Answer – 3. from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier

4: You Have Uploaded the Dataset in Csv Format on Google Spreadsheet and Shared It Publicly. How Can You Access This in Python?

We can use the following code:

>>link = https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/…

>>source = StringIO.StringIO(requests.get(link).content))

>>data = pd.read_csv(source)

5: What Is the Difference Between the Two Data Series given Below?

df[‘Name’] and df.loc[:, ‘Name’], where:

df = pd.DataFrame([‘aa’, ‘bb’, ‘xx’, ‘uu’], [21, 16, 50, 33], columns = [‘Name’, ‘Age’])

Choose the correct option:

1. 1 is the view of original dataframe and 2 is a copy of original dataframe
2. 2 is the view of original dataframe and 1 is a copy of original dataframe
3. Both are copies of original dataframe
4. Both are views of original dataframe

Answer – C. Both are copies of the original dataframe.

6: You Get the Error “temp.Csv” While Trying to Read a File Using Pandas. Which of the Following Could Correct It?

Error:

Traceback (most recent call last): File “<input>”, line 1, in<module> UnicodeEncodeError:

‘ascii’ codec can’t encode character.

Choose the correct option:

1. pd.read_csv(“temp.csv”, compression=’gzip’)
2. pd.read_csv(“temp.csv”, dialect=’str’)
3. pd.read_csv(“temp.csv”, encoding=’utf-8′)
4. None of these

The error relates to the difference between utf-8 coding and a Unicode.

So option 3. pd.read_csv(“temp.csv”, encoding=’utf-8′) can correct it.

7: How Do You Set a Line Width in the Plot given Below?

>import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

>>plt.plot([1,2,3,4])

>>plt.show()

Choose the correct option:

1. In line two, write plt.plot([1,2,3,4], width=3)
2. In line two, write plt.plot([1,2,3,4], line_width=3
3. In line two, write plt.plot([1,2,3,4], lw=3)
4. None of these

Answer – 3. In line two, write plt.plot([1,2,3,4], lw=3)

8: How Would You Reset the Index of a Dataframe to a given List? Choose the Correct Option.

1. df.reset_index(new_index,)
2. df.reindex(new_index,)
3. df.reindex_like(new_index,)
4. None of these

Answer – 3. df.reindex_like(new_index,)

9: How Can You Copy Objects in Python?

The function used to copy objects in Python are:

copy.copy for shallow copy and

copy.deepcopy() for deep copy

10: What Is the Difference Between range() and xrange() Functions in Python?

range()	xrange()
range returns a Python list object	xrange returns an xrange object

Job Opportunities in Python

Having proficiency in Python programming language listed on your resume can potentially open up opportunities for you to secure work in prominent firms.

Software Engineer

• Write and test codes,
• Study user needs,
• Write operational documentation,
• Communicate with clients and collaborate with the team,
• Build existing programs, etc.

Senior Software Engineer

• Build strong software architecture,
• Automate tasks through scripting or other tools,
• Debug codes,
• Conduct validation and verification testing,
• Implementing version control,
• Design patterns, etc.

Data Scientist

• Identify data sources,
• Automate the collection,
• Preprocess data,
• Analyze data to invent trends,
• Design predictive models,
• Conduct data visualization,
• Propose solutions by overcoming business challenges, etc.

DevOps Engineer

• Deploy fixes and updates,
• Analyze and solve technical glitches,
• Design processes for maintenance and troubleshooting,
• Create scripts for automating visualization,
• Deliver Level 2 technical support, etc.

Python Developer Salary in India

The popularity of Python has steadily grown among developers throughout the years since its inception. The preceding analysis has demonstrated that, based on empirical research, Python may not currently hold the highest position among programming languages. However, it is indisputable that Python is poised to become the dominant Python programming language in the near future, specifically within a timeframe of 3-4 years. The future prospects of Python are highly optimistic and auspicious. The growth of the software industry in India has led to a significant rise in the remuneration of Python Developers in the country.

The mean annual salary for Python Developers in India is Rs.5,28,500. In certain locations, the first annual income may be lower, specifically about Rs. 4 lakhs. However, the aforementioned compensation amount has the potential to increase to Rs.10 lakhs per annum over time, contingent upon factors such as individual performance, accumulated experience, and proficiency in the language. The remuneration of Python Developers is influenced by various aspects, including their proficiency, geographical location, occupational position, and professional background.

Conclusion

Python offers a wide range of professional opportunities. Furthermore, by enrolling in a curriculum such as the Full Stack Web Developer Mean Stack program, individuals have the opportunity to secure employment with esteemed multinational corporations on a global scale. This training program will provide valuable opportunities for career advancement for individuals working as MEAN stack Developers. In this program for Full Stack MEAN Developers, students will be introduced to essential skills such as MongoDB, Express.js, Angular, and Node.js (together referred to as “MEAN”), as well as GIT, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The objective is to enable students to create and deploy interactive apps and services.

In order to expedite one’s professional advancement in the field of Data Science and attain a high degree of preparedness for esteemed data-related positions, it is imperative to engage in an in-depth exploration of the intricacies associated with data interpretation.  Additionally, it is crucial to attain proficiency in cutting-edge technologies such as Machine Learning, while also acquiring mastery in robust programming skills. Individuals have the opportunity to register for Bytecode Security‘s Python Training in Delhi.  This course aims to enhance one’s professional prospects in the field of Python Programming Course through the provision of exceptional training and the development of requisite skills.

Moreover, Bytecode Security, the leading Python Training Institute in Delhi NCR offers comprehensive guidance on highly sought-after skills in the field of Python Programming Language, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence, along with practical exposure to key tools and technologies including Data Science concepts.